Ecology is the scientific study oft eh distribution and abundance of living organisms and how the distribution and abundance are affected by interactions between the organisms and their environment.

The environment of an organism includes both physical properties, which can be described as the sum of local biotic factors such as sunlight, climate and geology and biotic factors, which are other organisms that share its habitat.

Ecologists examine the relationship between the environment and actions that affect it, including rainfall, pollution, temperature shifts, and industrialization.

They work with scientific and mathematical models to analyze and interpret correlations between actions and effects on the environment.